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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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jul_sep
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0723207.000
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<text>
<title>
(Jul. 23, 1990) Needed -- More Get Up And Go
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
July 23, 1990 The Palestinians
The American Economy
</history>
<link 00049>
<link -0001>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 58
Needed: More Get Up and Go
</hdr>
<body>
<p>The Federal Reserve says it is ready to lower interest rates
</p>
<p> Business leaders and politicians have been complaining for
months that the Federal Reserve's high-interest-rate policy
could push the U.S. into a recession, but Federal Reserve
Chairman Alan Greenspan has steadfastly maintained that rates
must be kept up to hold inflation at bay. Last week Greenspan
blinked. In testimony before the Senate Banking Committee, he
acknowledged for the first time that many banks are causing a
credit crunch by being overly stingy in granting loans. As a
result, Greenspan said, the Federal Reserve may act to "offset"
the credit tightening by engineering a "modest" drop in
interest rates.
</p>
<p> On Wall Street, investors greeted the circumspect statement
with nearly unrestrained joy. Greenspan's remarks helped send
the Dow Jones industrial average up 37.13 points on Thursday.
The Dow briefly touched 3000 on Friday before closing at a
record 2980.20, up 75.25 for the week.
</p>
<p> The hint of lower interest rates helped ease fears that the
7 1/2-year-old economic expansion, which has slowed to an
anemic annual rate of less than 2%, might groan to a halt. The
government offered further reassurance last week when it
reported that retail sales rose a healthy 0.5% in June, after
falling for three straight months. At the same time, the
Producer Price Index, which measures the wholesale cost of
goods, rose just 0.2% in June, indicating that inflation is
under control.
</p>
<p> Despite the heartening figures, many consumers and companies
across the U.S. remain mired in the economic doldrums. The
gloom is particularly deep in the troubled Northeast, which has
been reeling from tight credit and downturns in everything from
computers to construction. In Massachusetts the unemployment
rate has surged from 3% in 1988 to 5.8%. Meanwhile, the
securities industry has laid off 45,000 employees, or about 10%
of its work force, since the 1987 crash. The hard times caused
home sales to slide 15% in the Northeast last year. "It's hard
to see how things could get terribly much worse in the region,"
says Samuel Hayes, a professor at the Harvard Business School.
</p>
<p> Other parts of the country are also feeling a pinch.
Cutbacks in defense spending have slowed the jaunty California
economy. Defense contractors such as Lockheed, Northrop and
McDonnell Douglas may dismiss as many as 20,000 of their
125,000 workers by year's end. And California agriculture, the
state's largest industry, is suffering through the fourth year
of a severe drought. "There's no engine of growth in sight,"
says Larry Kimbell, director of the Business Forecasting
Project at the U.C.L.A. School of Management. "In the past, one
sector after another took the lead in sustaining the economic
expansion. But we currently see no such activity on the
horizon."
</p>
<p> The slow growth has taken a heavy toll on many industries.
Ford, Chrysler and General Motors idled 45 of their 62 U.S. and
Canadian plants for up to four weeks in the first half of 1990.
Along with the closings, the Big Three have laid off or fired
38,000 workers. "Manufacturers are very cautious," says Stanley
Gault, chairman of Ohio-based Rubbermaid, a leading maker of
household products. "The economy is just hobbling along."
</p>
<p> The weakness has caused many companies to put away their
help-wanted signs. U.S. firms created only 660,000 new jobs in
the first half of the year, a 50% drop from the first six
months of 1989. The dearth of new positions was matched by a
corresponding decline in the number of job seekers. In a
worrisome trend, 900,000 discouraged people stopped looking for
work in the second quarter, an increase of 20% over the
previous three months.
</p>
<p> One of the few bright spots for U.S. corporations has been
a surge of exports. With the growing appetite for American
goods, foreign sales of products as varied as minivans,
jetliners and health-care products in the first four months of
1990 climbed 8.9% above the figure for the same period last
year. The strong performance offset a 4.8% rise in imports and
helped cut the U.S. trade deficit from its peak of $152 billion
in 1987 to a current annual rate of $92.2 billion.
</p>
<p> Amid such crosscurrents, many economists hope that the White
House and Congress will make substantial progress in their
talks on shrinking the budget deficit. While the proposed $50
billion reduction could dampen the economy in the short run,
many experts argue that a smaller deficit would reduce the
danger of rising inflation and encourage the Federal Reserve
to let interest rates fall. "I would have preferred to see the
deficit attacked earlier, when the economy was stronger," says
Lyle Gramley, chief economist for the Mortgage Bankers
Association and a former Federal Reserve governor. "But we
ought to take the risk of doing what is needed for the long-run
health of the economy now."
</p>
<p> For the present, most economists predict that the expansion
will reach its eighth birthday in November and continue at
about a 2% rate through 1991. But that is cold comfort for many
people. "The real issues are stagflation and stagnation," says
David Hale, chief economist of Kemper Financial Services.
"Instead of long unemployment lines, we're going to see
increased frustration and resentment over stalled growth and
incomes."
</p>
<p> Four years ago, the expansion seemed in imminent danger of
coming to an end. But then a combination of rising exports and
resurgent consumer spending helped give business a needed lift.
A cut in interest rates might now keep things rolling.
</p>
<p>By John Greenwald. Reported by Gisela Bolte/Washington and
William McWhirter/Chicago.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>